AS Level Psychology (9990) Case Studies Practice Exam

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• What sampling technique was used in the subway study?
• In the Pepperberg study, what is continuous reinforcement?
• Which is the second stage of the four stages of social learning theory?
• Which event triggered the boy's button phobia?
• Which design feature helped eliminate demand characteristics in Bandura's study?
• What does evaluative learning imply in the context of button phobia treatment?
• What was the dependent variable?
• Which ethical issue was highlighted by deception in the study?
• Which statement describes the doodling task's row structure?
• Which ethical issue was highlighted in Canli et al.'s study?
• What experimental design was used in the subway study?
• According to the Two-Factor Theory, arousal plus cognitive interpretation leads to what?
• Which study examined helping behaviour in chimpanzees?
• Which feature was highlighted as a strength because it allowed researchers to standardise data collection?
• What did LeBar and Phelps (1998) conclude about emotional experiences and memory?
• What percent higher was doodling recall compared with the control group in Andrade's study?
• In the subway study, which modelling condition increased the likelihood of helping the most?
• What was concluded about the revised Eyes Test's ability to discriminate between AS/HFA adults and controls?
• In a false memory experiment, which is commonly treated as the independent variable?
• Which of the following describes the qualitative data collected in Milgram's obedience study?
• What was the experimental design used in the Baron-Cohen Eyes Test study?
• Which study used the 'eyes test' to assess theory of mind?
• Which study explored false memory?
• Which type of data captured dream content in Dement & Kleitman?
• Which therapy produced both the completion of exposure tasks and a more positive approach to buttons, yet led to increased distress between sessions two and three?
• What did the trials involve in terms of task setup?
• How long was each image displayed and what was the fixation interval?
• What does the Eyes Test devised by Baron-Cohen assess in terms of cognitive ability?
• In the study, what was the IV and DV?
• In Dement & Kleitman's Study 1, which experimental design feature described the approach to testing dream recall across sleep stages?
• Which group correctly recalled a mean of 7.1 names out of eight party-goers in Andrade's study?
• In Schachter & Singer's study, how did participants label their arousal as a specific emotion?
• How many adults were randomly selected and IQ-matched with group 1?
• In Yamamoto et al.'s chimpanzee study, what does conspecific mean?
• Which of the following is identified as a weakness related to the sample in Milgram's study?
• In the No Model condition of Piliavin's subway study, when did the model help?
• The Two-Factor Theory posits that emotion arises from which combination?
• Piliavin et al.'s subway Samaritan study primarily investigates which area of psychology?
• In the Two-Factor Theory, what is required to label arousal as a specific emotion?
• What method was used to record qualitative data on behavior?
• Which sleep stage is associated with vivid, visual dreams?
• Which sampling technique was used in the Baron-Cohen Eyes Test study?
• What was the independent variable?
• Was there evidence of diffusion of responsibility relating to group size in Piliavin's study?
• What did Milgram's study primarily investigate?
• Which statement is NOT listed as a strength of Schachter & Singer's study?
• What happened if Alex gave an incorrect or indistinct vocalisation?
• Which type of data is most typical in a false memory experiment?
• What did the study conclude about the role of disgust emotions and cognitions in learning new responses to phobic stimuli?
• A key result for children exposed to aggressive models was:
• Dement & Kleitman used which physiological measure to study sleep?
• Which study is associated with obedience to authority?
• How were "offers" defined and counted in the results?
• What conclusion did Canli et al. reach about emotional intensity and memory?
• What term describes obedience that has potential to cause psychological or physical harm to others?
• In the Andrade doodling study, the doodling group recalled a mean of how many party-goers' names?
• Where is the amygdala located and what is its role?
• Approximately how many passengers were involved in the subway study?
• In the Yamamoto et al. study, how is altruistic behavior defined?
• In novel-object trials, what was the overall accuracy?
• What was the aim of Pepperberg's parrot study?
• REM sleep is characterized by which feature?
• Which of the following was not an independent variable in the study?
• What was a key strength of the parrot learning study?
• What was the aim of Yamamoto et al.'s chimpanzee helping study?
• Which of the following was an aim of the Dement & Kleitman sleep study?
• What is adrenalin (epinephrine) in this context?
• Which case study investigated the effect of doodling on memory recall?
• In this study, what does placebo refer to?
• What was the experimental design used in the study?
• What sampling technique was used in the study?
• What type of scanner and what neural signal were measured?
• Which case study is associated with parrot learning?
• What measure indicated reliability between observers?
• What sampling technique was used in the Canli study?
• What ethical consideration was reported for this study?
• In Milgram's terminology, which term refers to following a direct order from an authority?
• In the study, what was the independent variable?
• Why was Milgram interested in obedience?
• Which questions were included to prevent boredom during trials?
• In Laneey et al.'s false memory case study, which elements are included in the recall prompts?
• Which sampling technique uses a predefined subpopulation to ensure representation?
• How do findings describe spontaneous helping by chimpanzees?
• What conclusion did the parrot learning study reach about symbolic concepts and verbal labeling?
• Which ethical issue concerns the difficulty of withdrawing from Milgram's procedure due to prods?
• What was Milgram's predicted percentage of participants who would administer the full 450-volt shock?
• In Andrade's doodling study, what was the mean number of shaded shapes on the printed sheet in the doodling condition?
• Effect of non-aggressive model on play behavior?
• What was the general aim of Milgram's obedience study?
• For mild-to-moderate scenes, how did memory outcomes distribute?
• Which training method was used in the study?
• What was the maximum voltage used in Milgram's procedure?
• In novel-object trials, what was the first-trial accuracy?
• In a case study investigating false memories, what is the purpose of a hypothesis?
• Which statement best describes Milgram's conclusions about dispositional vs. situational explanations of obedience?
• In the simplest fMRI study design, what pattern is used to compare brain activity?
• In Piliavin's subway study, which roles did the male confederates fill?
• Which definition best describes a confounding variable?
• In the Eyes Test results, how did the AS/HFA group perform relative to the other groups?
• What was a weakness of the parrot learning study?
• Which weakness was identified in the button phobia case study?
• What was reported at the six- and twelve-month follow-ups?
• How many sets of eyes were used in the revised Eyes Task?
• In the revised Eyes Task, which option lists one of the four features participants judged?
• In the Andrade doodling case, which explanatory stance is noted regarding whether doodling affected recall?
• Which weakness reduces ecological validity in Bandura's study?
• If there is an explanation for arousal, what is predicted?
• How many answer choices were offered for each Eye Task item?
• How is prosocial behaviour defined in the Yamamoto background?
• Which statement best captures a shared idea of the biological and cognitive approaches?
• What type of data were collected in the button phobia study?
• During the tape task in Andrade's study, what were participants instructed to do?
• Which gender were the majority of helpers in the subway study?
• What does the Pepperberg study suggest about symbolic representation and conceptual categorization in animals?
• What was the sample description in terms of demographics?
• Which ethical issue was highlighted regarding participant confidentiality?
• Which best describes the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
• Which physiological changes are associated with sympathetic arousal?
• Which type of data provided the qualitative account of dreams?
• Which statement about the misinformed condition is true?
• Which ethical concern is flagged as violated in Bandura's aggression study?
• Which ethical issue is illustrated by the use of deception in Milgram's study?
• What type of data were reported as the results in Canli et al.'s study?
• What is a typical conclusion drawn from false memory experiments?
• How were roles (teacher and learner) determined in Milgram's procedure?
• Which study involved the two-factor theory of emotion?
• Which statement about sleep cycles and dreaming is NOT reported by Dement & Kleitman?
• What research method was used in Piliavin et al.'s subway Samaritans case study?
• What were the two victim types used to manipulate the scenario in Piliavin's study?
• What was Alex's first-trial correct rate in familiar-object trials (out of 99 first-trial attempts)?
• Which hemisphere's amygdala activation predicted memory outcomes for highly emotional scenes?
• What research method was used in this case study?
• In Andrade's doodling study, what was the main dependent variable?
• What application to everyday life was suggested by the issues & debates for Andrade's doodling study?
• Which statement best captures the nature vs nurture interpretation discussed?
• What is a notable weakness of the study?
• Which ethical issue is highlighted in the Eyes Test study due to potential distress for AS/HFA participants?
• Bandura's results suggest imitation can occur for which types of behaviours?
• In Milgram's obedience study, which statement correctly identifies the IV, DV and CV?
• What does an EEG measure?
• In Pavlov's dog, what is the conditioned stimulus after conditioning?
• Which are the four situational variables tested by Piliavin in the subway study?
• Which statement best captures a common debate in memory research?
• What sampling technique and sample size were used in Milgram's study?
• Dement and Kleitman studied sleep and dreams using which physiological measures?
• Which theory is the Bandura study based on?
• Before training, what could Alex name?
• What application to everyday life was suggested by the study?
• What was the main ethical issue identified in Bandura's aggression study?
• What memory test was used three weeks after exposure?
• What was observed about the distribution of eyes test scores when data from all groups were combined?
• Which sampling technique was used in the button phobia case study?
• In familiar-object trials, how many trials did Alex answer correctly out of 129?
• In Bandura study, the term for learning by observing a model and mimicking later is:
• What was reported regarding the ethical treatment of Alex?
• Which case study is associated with brain scans and emotions?
• How did model gender affect girls' imitation?
• What sampling technique and size were used?
• Which statement best reflects the Nature vs. Nurture position discussed?
• On the AQ measure, which group scored significantly higher than the others?
• What does fMRI measure to infer brain activity?
• What was the sampling technique used?
• In emotion terms, what does valence refer to in this study?
• Which statement about model gender in Bandura's study is supported?
• What is the purpose of including a control variable in an experimental design?
• In Piliavin's subway study, what was the approximate help rate for ill victims?
• In Baron-Cohen et al.'s Eyes Test study, how many and which participant groups were used as independent variable conditions?
• What happened in the repeat of the 'cannot see' condition regarding offering?
• Which of the following was not a study under the social approach?
• In Milgram's study, what is a confederate?
• What term describes the phenomenon where individuals feel less responsible as group size increases?
• What were participants told about their EEG pattern or whether their eyes were moving during the experiment?
• What were the dependent variables measured in the Baron-Cohen Eyes Test study?
• What experimental design was used?
• Pepperberg's parrot learning study was undertaken largely because of long-term interest in which area?
• What was the aim of the Saavedra & Silverman button phobia study?
• How was emotional arousal assessed during the trial?
• What is the purpose of the double-blind technique?
• How many male participants were in the doodling group?
• What does the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion propose as necessary for emotional experience?
• Which brain region's activation correlated with higher ratings of emotionally intense stimuli?
• Which option best describes the design of the Dement & Kleitman experiments?
• What was the sampling size in the button phobia study?
• What did the researchers conclude about the revised Eyes Test in terms of identifying impairments?
• Which of the following is listed as a strength of Bandura's study?
• How long did the tape last in Andrade's study?
• Which ethical issue is most prominent in false memory experiments?
• What did the researchers claim about the revised Eyes Test's performance across different sections of society?
• Did the Andrade doodling study involve deception, and if so, how was it characterized?
• What rating on the Feelings Thermometer was assigned to the most difficult items (small plastic buttons)?
• At what age did the boy's button phobia begin?
• During which sleep stage were dreams most commonly reported?
• Which gender pattern was observed in imitation of physical aggression?
• In highly emotional scenes, which memory pattern was more likely?
• What does contrast imaging in fMRI do?
• What was the controlled variable?
• In Pepperberg's parrot learning study, which methods were used to train the parrot to answer questions about object categories?
• Which of the following is NOT a biological case study?
• Which learning approach assumption states that conditioning explains changes in behaviour?
• In the 'can see' condition, what was the main finding about tool offering?
• A major weakness of this study was the sample:
• What percentage of participants gave the maximum 450V shock in Milgram's study?
• During imagery exposure therapy, how did the distress rating for the imagined scenario of hundreds of buttons change?
• Which statement best describes the procedure in a typical false memory case study?
• How many children were in each experimental condition in Bandura's study?
• In EEG, frequency refers to what?
• What was the mean voltage delivered by participants in Milgram's obedience study?
• Which ethical issue was highlighted by Piliavin et al.'s subway study?
• What is a key strength of the study design?
• Which condition increases imitation according to social learning theory?
• The aim of the Bandura study was to investigate:
• What happens if arousal has no explanation, according to the hypotheses?
• Which statement is NOT a hypothesis of the study?
• What did results show about adrenaline versus placebo on physiological arousal?
• What is the overall conclusion about chimpanzees' ability to understand conspecific needs?
• What was the reported relationship between Eyes Test scores and AQ scores?
• Which strength was noted in the button phobia case study?
• Which statement best defines evaluative learning?
• Which of the following is identified as a strength of Milgram's study?
• In the study, what is a stooge (confederate)?
• Which assumption of the cognitive approach states that behaviour and emotions can be explained in terms of cognitive processes such as attention, language, thinking and memory?
• Which statement best describes a strength of laboratory studies on false memories?
• Which combination best describes sampling method and experimental design in a controlled memory study?
• What was the research method used in Baron-Cohen et al.'s eyes test study?
• In the 'cannot see' condition, what was observed about object offering?
• What did Piliavin find regarding diffusion of responsibility when more bystanders were present?
• What was the primary dependent variable?
• In the model/rival VI/R method, how does the parrot participate?
• The training aimed to get Alex to respond with what kind of output?
• What does cognition mean in psychology?
• Which methodological feature did Schachter & Singer highlight as strengthening their study by reducing demand characteristics?
• Which ethical issue was explicitly addressed in the button phobia case study?
• What method did Schachter & Singer use to induce physiological arousal?
• Which stimulus set did the study use?
• How many participants were involved and what was their demographic?
• How were participants allocated to conditions?
• Which research method is most consistent with an in-depth analysis of a single case focusing on descriptive details rather than establishing causality?
• Which term describes the ability to split mental effort between two tasks?
• What were the two interventions used in the Saavedra & Silverman study?
• Which approach states that behaviour, cognitions and emotions can be explained by biological systems and processes such as evolution, the nervous system, and hormones?
• Which statement best captures the core claim of the Two-Factor Theory of emotion proposed by Schachter & Singer?
• On the Eyes Test, what was observed about gender differences?
• Which of the following is a strength of laboratory studies in memory research?
• In Piliavin's study, what does the term Good Samaritan refer to?
• How many participants were in Andrade's study, and how were they distributed across conditions?
• What type of research design characterises the Dement & Kleitman sleep study?
• What was observed about rapid eye movements at the onset of sleep?
• The Eyes Test was shown to discriminate between which groups in Baron-Cohen et al.'s background information?
• In the drunk-victim trials, which racial group was less likely to receive help?
• Which description best fits Milgram's research method?
• How is the central executive described in the Working Memory Model?
• How was the deception in Andrade's doodling study described in ethical terms?
• What did Andrade conclude about whether doodling improved recall, and why is it unclear?